RNA is a crucial molecule in biological systems, playing a vital role in the flow of genetic information from DNA to proteins. Unlike DNA, which is double-stranded, RNA is typically single-stranded and comes in various forms, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Each type of RNA serves a unique function in the process of translating genetic codes into proteins, essential for cellular function and regulation.

In addition to its role in protein synthesis, RNA has regulatory functions that impact gene expression and cellular responses. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) are involved in gene silencing mechanisms, helping to control the levels of specific proteins within cells. This ability to regulate gene expression makes RNA a powerful tool in research and therapeutic applications, including the development of treatments for viral infections and genetic diseases.